Jordan Gruber adds a research appendix on foreign anti-narcotics influence, tracing how external drug policy pressure shaped domestic enforcement and reform debates

Foreign anti-narcotics influence sits at the center of this research appendix, which tracks how outside governments and international drug-control agendas can shape domestic policing, prohibition, and reform trajectories. The focus is on cross-border policy pressure rather than on one substance alone, linking anti-drug campaigns to broader political and institutional consequences. Historical and policy context appear to matter most here. External funding, diplomatic leverage, treaty frameworks, and imported enforcement models can redirect local priorities, strengthen punitive systems, and complicate sovereignty over drug policy. That framing places narcotics control within international power relations rather than treating prohibition as a purely domestic choice. The implications reach beyond enforcement. Drug-war institutions often leave durable effects on criminal justice, public health, and civil society, while reform debates must contend with legacies created by foreign pressure and entrenched bureaucratic interests.